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Banksia aquilonia
''Banksia aquilonia'', commonly known as the northern banksia, is a tree in the family Proteaceae native to north Queensland on Australia's northeastern coastline. With an average height of , it has narrow glossy green leaves up to long and high pale yellow flower spikes, known as inflorescences, appearing in autumn. As the spikes age, their flowers fall off and they develop up to 50 follicles, each of which contains two seeds.
Alex George described the plant in his 1981 monograph of the genus ''Banksia'' as a variety of ''Banksia integrifolia'', but later reclassified it as a separate species. Genetic studies show it to be related to ''Banksia plagiocarpa'', ''Banksia oblongifolia'' and ''Banksia robur''. The species is found in wet sclerophyll forest and rainforest margins on sandy soils. ''Banksia aquilonia'' regenerates after bushfire by regrowing from epicormic buds under its bark. It is rarely cultivated.
==Description==
''Banksia aquilonia'' grows as a tall shrub or small tree up to high, though plants up to have been recorded.〔 It has hard, fissured, grey bark, and narrow elliptic or lanceolate leaves measuring long by wide with entire (straight) margins and acute tips. They are a smooth shiny green above and white below with a prominent midrib covered in red-brown hair.〔 The brownish new growth appears in summer.〔 The plant is in bloom from March to June. Flowers occur in ''Banksia'''s characteristic vertical flower spike, an inflorescence made up of hundreds of pairs of flowers densely packed in a spiral around a woody axis. ''B. aquilonia'''s flower spike is a pale yellow colour, roughly cylindrical, high,〔 and up to in diameter. The tubular perianths of the individual flowers are long. These open at maturity (anthesis) to release the styles. All old flower parts fall away as up to 50 oval follicles develop on the bare woody spike. The follicles measure long, high, and wide. Furry at first, they become smooth with age and open when ripe,〔 and their two half-oval valves split to release the one or two seeds they contain.〔 The obovate dark grey-brown to black seeds sandwich a woody separator. Measuring long, they are made up of a wedge-shaped seed body, long by wide.〔 The woody separator is the same shape as the seed, with an impression where the seed body lies next to it.〔 Seedlings have bright obovate green cotyledons around long.〔 Juvenile leaves are narrower, measuring long and wide, and often have serrate (toothed) margins.〔
Although the inflorescences of ''Banksia aquilonia'' are similar to ''B. integrifolia'', the leaves are marked in their differences—the midrib on the leaves' undersides is distinctively covered in short reddish-brown hairs and the leaves are spirally arranged on the branches rather than in whorls as in all ''B. integrifolia'' subspecies. It was these differences that George felt were distinctive enough for it to be separate it as a full species from ''B. integrifolia''. The overall habit of a ''Banksia aquilonia'' tree resembles that of ''B. integrifolia'', though is generally smaller.〔 The southernmost populations of ''B. aquilonia'' are separated from the northernmost ''B. integrifolia'' occurrence by , hence location is helpful in identification.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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